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Inguinal hernia surgery

An inguinal hernia occurs when intra-abdominal tissue pushes through a weak spot in the groin area. It is typically noticed as a bulge in the groin that becomes more pronounced when standing, coughing, or straining. An inguinal hernia does not resolve on its own, but immediate surgery is not always required.

When to see a specialist

  • A bulge or swelling has developed in the groin;
  • The bulge enlarges when standing, coughing, or straining;
  • There is pain, a burning sensation, pressure, or a feeling of heaviness in the groin;
  • Symptoms worsen with physical labor, sports, or lifting;
  • The bulge extends into the scrotum or enlarges over time;
  • A bulge that previously receded when lying down no longer goes back in.
  • Seek emergency medical care immediately if the hernia suddenly becomes severely painful or hard, cannot be pushed back in, or is accompanied by nausea, vomiting, or abdominal bloating.

Common symptoms

How to prepare for your appointment

  • Bring an ID card or another valid identification document.
  • Inform the doctor about all medications, dietary supplements, allergies, and underlying health conditions.
  • If you take blood-thinning medications (anticoagulants), inform your doctor. Do not stop taking medications on your own initiative.
  • Undergo all tests and investigations ordered by your doctor prior to surgery, and fill out the anesthesia questionnaire.
  • Inguinal hernia surgery is generally performed under general anesthesia; follow the fasting (eating and drinking) instructions provided by the clinic.
  • Do not shave the surgical site at home. If necessary, this will be done at the clinic.
  • In the event of fever, acute cough, cold, or any other illness, contact the clinic before arriving for surgery.
  • Arrange for an escort to take you home. You must not drive a car on the same day after general anesthesia.

What to expect during your appointment

Surgeon consultation

The surgeon will examine the groin area, ask about your symptoms, and evaluate whether surgery is necessary. Additional investigations are not always needed, but an ultrasound examination may be requested if appropriate.

Agreeing on the treatment plan

The doctor will explain the surgical approach, anesthesia options, mesh placement, potential risks, and recovery.

The surgery

The procedure is typically performed under general anesthesia. The herniated contents are returned to the abdominal cavity and the weak defect is closed. A specialized surgical mesh is usually placed to reinforce the abdominal wall.

Monitoring and discharge

This is performed as day surgery. After the procedure, your condition and pain levels will be monitored in the recovery room. You will be discharged home the same day.

Recovery

Walking is usually encouraged early on. Returning to work, sports, and heavy lifting will proceed according to the surgeon’s instructions.

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Frequently Asked Questions

Can an inguinal hernia resolve on its own?

In adults, an inguinal hernia generally does not heal spontaneously. A small hernia with minimal symptoms may sometimes be monitored, but a surgeon will help determine the best approach.

Does every inguinal hernia require immediate surgery?

No. The decision depends on your symptoms, the hernia’s size, your lifestyle, general health, and the risk of incarceration.

Why is a mesh used during surgery?

The surgical mesh reinforces the weakened abdominal wall and helps reduce the likelihood of recurrence. The surgeon will explain whether it is appropriate in your case.

When can I return to work and resume physical activity after surgery?

Return to work primarily depends on the nature of your duties. For light office work, return is often possible within 1–2 weeks. For physically demanding labor, recovery may take 4–6 weeks. Your surgeon will provide specific recommendations based on the extent of surgery and your recovery progress.

Are swelling and bruising normal after surgery?

Yes. In the first few days, swelling, tenderness, and bruising may appear at the surgical site. Following inguinal hernia surgery, swelling and discoloration can also extend into the scrotum or thigh area. These usually resolve gradually over a few weeks.

When should I contact a doctor after surgery?

Contact a doctor if:

  • The wound bleeds heavily;
  • There is pus draining from the wound;
  • Pain intensifies and is not relieved by regular painkillers;
  • You develop a fever above 38 °C;
  • Significant redness, swelling, or heat develops around the surgical wound.