Toothache
Toothache is a symptom that manifests as a sharp or throbbing pain in one or more teeth and may worsen when chewing or with temperature changes.
Possible causes
- Tooth decay – One of the most common causes of toothache. When the hard tissue of the tooth is damaged, bacteria can reach deeper layers and cause pain, especially in response to cold, hot, or sweet stimuli.
- Tooth nerve inflammation – If decay or trauma reaches the tooth nerve, severe and throbbing pain may develop. The pain often worsens at night and may radiate toward the jaw or ear.
- Gum disease – Gingivitis and periodontitis can cause toothache as the inflammation spreads to the tissues surrounding the tooth. The gums may be tender, bleed, and create a feeling of pressure.
- Other causes. Toothache can also be caused by a cracked tooth, the eruption of wisdom teeth, or infections around the tooth. Such conditions may cause acute or persistent pain that requires dental evaluation.
Should I see a doctor?
For mild and short-term toothache, which may be related to temporary tooth sensitivity or minor irritation, you can initially manage it at home by using pain relief medication and avoiding very hot or cold foods.
You should see a dentist as soon as possible if the pain lasts more than a couple of days or worsens, as this may indicate tooth decay, inflammation, or other dental damage.
Urgent medical attention is needed if there is severe, throbbing pain, swelling in the facial area, fever, or suspicion of inflammation of the tooth nerve or tooth root.
Frequently Asked Questions
What most commonly causes toothache?
The most common causes are tooth decay, inflammation of the tooth nerve, gum disease, and infections of the tooth or surrounding tissues.
Can toothache go away on its own?
In some cases, mild sensitivity may temporarily subside, but persistent toothache usually indicates a problem that requires dental treatment.
What can I do at home to relieve toothache?
For temporary relief, you can use painkillers and avoid very hot, cold, or sweet foods, but this does not treat the underlying cause.
When should I see a dentist?
If toothache lasts more than a couple of days, worsens, or recurs, you should see a dentist as soon as possible.
Can toothache be dangerous?
Yes, if the pain is related to inflammation, it can spread to surrounding tissues and require urgent dental treatment, especially if accompanied by swelling or fever.