Gum health

Lifestyle plays a role in the emergence of gum diseases

Periodontology is a field of dental care that specialises in the prevention and treatment of gum diseases. Inflammation of the gums is caused by microbes in plaque that are passed on from one person to another. Slight gum inflammation is called gingivitis which causes swelling, redness, and bleeding of the gums when brushing teeth. If gingivitis is left untreated, it can develop into chronic inflammation – periodontitis – that damages the tissues surrounding teeth.

Periodontitis is the chronic inflammation of gums which is primarily caused by microbes in the mouth. It is worth noting that damages caused by periodontitis are irreversible, as the gum and bone tissue that is destroyed cannot be restored in most cases.

Insufficient oral hygiene plays the greatest role in developing gum diseases, as the microbes that cause inflammation live inside the dental plaque.

Other contributing factors include smoking, diabetes, hormonal changes, and blood disorders. Genetics and the immune system also play a certain part in the emergence of gum diseases.

Health impact

Inflammation of the gums increases the level of inflammation indicators in blood which is a contributing factor for diabetes, cardiovascular disorders, and pregnancy complications. If inflammation in gums is untreated, the tissues surrounding teeth are destroyed, the gums recede, and teeth become loose. Teeth also become sensitive and shift from their original location, gaps form between teeth which may affect a person’s appearance. In the worst-case scenario, the support structures of teeth are destroyed and teeth fall out or become very loose.

Symptoms of gum disease

One of the most common signs of inflammation in gums is bleeding during brushing teeth. Symptoms also include swollen and painful gums, gums receding (teeth look long), teeth becoming loose, pus discharge, and bad breath. At the same time, there may be no signs of inflammation (particularly in smokers) and the disease is discovered randomly.

Once the symptoms appear

Seek help immediately after the first symptoms appear, as this is a serious inflammatory gum disorder which may lead to loss of teeth if left untreated. You should contact a periodontist who is a specialist in gum treatment or ask your dentist to refer you to the right specialist.

Treatment of gum diseases

It is very important to improve your oral hygiene even before the treatment begins to ensure the best outcomes. Brush your teeth twice a day for 2–3 minutes and carefully clean between your teeth with floss or an interdental brush.